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一、徑直引語&轉(zhuǎn)折引語的認(rèn)識

（一）意志徑直引語和轉(zhuǎn)折引語

【徑直引語】話語東談主徑直援用別東談主的原話，要打引號

【轉(zhuǎn)折引語】話語東談主用我方的話把別東談主的道理轉(zhuǎn)述出來，毋庸打引號。轉(zhuǎn)折引語大大批時候以賓語從句的體式出現(xiàn)。

①Tom said,' I'm afraid that I can't catch the train.'（徑直引語）

②Tom said that he was afraid that he couldn't catch the train.

（轉(zhuǎn)折引語）

二、四個變化【東談主稱/時態(tài)/狀語/語序】

（一）東談主稱變化

回來：

一隨主，二隨賓，第三東談主稱不變化

?1.一隨主

??徑直引語中的第一東談主稱憑證轉(zhuǎn)折引語中的主語作相應(yīng)的變化。如：

She said, 'Ilove swimming very much.'

She said that sheloved swimming very much.

她說她至極心愛游水。

He said, ' Wewill go to school next Monday.'

He said that theywould go to school next Monday.

他說他們下星期也將去上學(xué)。

?2.二隨賓

??徑直引語中的第二東談主稱憑證轉(zhuǎn)折引語中的主句的賓語作相應(yīng)的變化。如：

Tom asked me, “Are youa teacher? ”

Tom asked me if Iwas a teacher.

湯姆問我是否是別稱敦厚。

?3.第三東談主稱不變化

??徑直引語中的第三東談主稱在轉(zhuǎn)折引語中不發(fā)生變化。如：

Bill said, “She is my elder sister. ”

Bill said that she was his elder sister.

比爾說她是他的姐姐。

（二）時態(tài)變化

回來如下：

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Sophie said,' I often get up at 7 o'clock.'

Sophie said that she often got up at 7 o'clock.蘇菲說她賡續(xù)是7點起床。

My mother answered,' I am watching movies at the theatre.'

My mother answered that she was watching movies at the theater.

我姆媽復(fù)興到她正在電影院看電影。

Anna said ，'I have been in Chongqing for 10 years.'

And said that she had been in Chongqing for 10 years.

安娜說她在重慶也曾待了10年了。

Lucy told me，' I had a hot pot with my boyfriend last night.'

Lucy told me that she had had a hot pot with her boyfriend the night before .

露西告訴我，她昨晚和她男一又友吃了暖鍋。

Tom said，' I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow .'

Tom said that he would meet me at the school gate tomorrow the day after.

湯姆說他未來朝晨會和我在學(xué)校門口見面。

（三）指令代詞，本事/場所狀語變化

??指令代詞：

this ?? that

these ?? those

??場所狀語：

here ?? there

??本事狀語：

now ??then

today ?? that day

tonight ?? that night

this week ?? that week

yeasterday ?? the day before

last week ?? the week before

ago ?? before

tomorrow ?? the day after

next week ?? the week next

??????

還要記著：

come ?? go

bring ?? take

（四）語序變化

【1】淌若徑直引語是匯報句，釀成轉(zhuǎn)折引語時，帶領(lǐng)詞用that，但在白話中庸碌不祥，時態(tài)、東談主稱和狀語齊應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的變化。如：

Betty said, “I am going to buy a bike tomorrow. ”

Betty said (that) she was going to buy a bike the next day.

貝蒂說她第二天要買一輛自行車。

【2】淌若轉(zhuǎn)折引語是一般疑問句，要用連詞whether或if帶領(lǐng)，背面用匯報語序，時態(tài)、東談主稱和狀語齊應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的變化

The teacher asked me, “Can you swim? ”→

The teacher asked me whether (if) I could swim.

敦厚問我是否會游水。

【3】淌若徑直引語是特殊疑問句，要用相應(yīng)的疑問詞who, whom, whose, how, when等帶領(lǐng)，助動詞do, does或did要放置，并把疑問語序改為匯報語序

My father asked ，' How do you go to the museum?'→

My father asked me how I go to the museum.

My teacher asked ，'Where did you go?'→

My teacher asked me where I went.

【4】淌若徑直引語是祈使句，變?yōu)檗D(zhuǎn)折引語時多用“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，探究句在to前邊加not; 引述動詞常用ask“苦求”，tell“告訴”，order“敕令”等

“Please sit down. ” Miss Zhou said to me.→

Miss Zhou asked me to sit down.

周敦厚請我坐下。

“Don’t make any noise. ”my mother told us.→

My mother told us not to make any noise.姆媽告訴咱們別出聲。

訓(xùn)練

一、將所給徑直引語變?yōu)檗D(zhuǎn)折引語，每空一詞：1. “I never eat meat,” he said. He said that ______ never ______ meat.2. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.3. “I took it home with me,” she said. She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ met her the day ______.6. “You must come here before five,” he said.He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago,” he said.He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there.10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______. 參考謎底：1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his 3. she, had, taken 4. rises, goes 5. told, had, before 6. had, there 7. had, before 8. asked, if ,before 9. told, could 10. how, she, had 11. where, I, had, those 12. if/ whether, I, lived

二、單選題

1. He asked ________ for the violin.

A. did I pay how much

B. I paid how much

C. how much did I pay

D. how much I paid

2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _________.

A. who is he B. who he is

C. who is it D. who it is

3. Can you tell me ________?

A. how good is his spoken English

B. how well his spoken English is

C. how well he speaks English

D. how good he can speak English

4. He said that he had bought the jacket ________.

A. before three days

B. three days before

C. three days ago D. last week

5. Did you say_________?

A. that what he said was true

B. that it was true that he said

C. what did he say was true

D. what he said it was true

6. Please tell me ________ from.

A. where do you come

B. where you come

C. where you will come

D. there you come

7. Ask her ________ come with us.

A. if she willB. if or not she will

C. that if she willD. whether will she

8. She said what a lovely day it _________.

A. is B. was C. has been D. will be

9. —What did she ask you?

—________ she could get to the zoo.

A. Why B. That C. Where D. How

10. John _______ me he was going to help me with my English.

A. explained B. spoke C. told D. said

11. —Mother，the boy is very naughty.

—What did the girl say just now?

—She ________very naughty.

A．said her mother that the boy was B．said to her mother that the boy is

C．told her mother that the boy was D．spoke to her mother that the boy was

12. —Fred, you’ve already got well，haven’t you?

(No answer.)

—Fred, Mrs. White asked ________.

A．if you have already got well, hadn’t you

B．whether you had already got well

C．have I already got well

D．had I already got well

13. Looking at me up and down, he asked me________.

A．a(chǎn)m I a music teacher or a singer B．was I a music teacher or a singer

C．whether I was a music teacher or a singer

D．whether was I a music teacher or a singer

14. The young man asked me ________ with me.

A．what the matter is

B．what the matter was

C．what’s the matter

D．what was the matter

15. John asked me _______ to visit his uncle’s farm with him.

A．how would I like

B．if or not would I like

C．whether I would like

D．which I would like

參考謎底：

1. D。轉(zhuǎn)折引語（賓語從句）要用匯報句語序，況兼用疑問詞帶領(lǐng)，是以選D。

2. D。賓語從句要用匯報句語序，抹殺A、C；暗意外面與某事聯(lián)系系的，不知男女的東談主一般用it，是以選D。

3. C。賓語從句行使匯報語序，抹殺A；well作形容詞時暗意“肉體好的”，“他的英語白話好”應(yīng)該用good，抹殺B；修飾動詞speak，要用副詞well，抹殺D，是以選C。

4. B。轉(zhuǎn)折引語暗意“一段本事之前”用before，而毋庸ago，是以選B。選項A是失誤抒發(fā)；last week 道理是“上周”，在轉(zhuǎn)折引語頂用the week before，道理為“前一周”。

5. A。what he said是主語從句，是was true的主語，而that引出匯報句釀成的轉(zhuǎn)折引語。是以選A。

6. B。憑證句意，賓語從句是特殊疑問句變來的，應(yīng)該用where帶領(lǐng)；賓語從句用匯報語序，而暗意某東談主來自于某處這種賡續(xù)性的現(xiàn)象，多用一般咫尺時，是以選B。

7. A。從ask可知賓語從句時一般疑問句變來的，用if帶領(lǐng)；whether or not中的whether不可用if替換；抹殺B；賓語從句用匯報句語序，抹殺D。

8. B。主句謂語是said，用相應(yīng)的夙昔時，要把徑直引語中的一般咫尺時改為一般夙昔時。

9. D。從荊棘文不錯猜測答語是不祥了She said的轉(zhuǎn)折引語，從句意可知，清寒帶領(lǐng)詞how。因為是問句，毋庸that（帶領(lǐng)徑直引語是匯報句變來的轉(zhuǎn)折引語）。

10. C。say，explain和speak接“某東談主”時，一般要加to，是以選told，因為told不錯接雙賓語，即tell sb. to do sth.

11. C。防備say，tell和speak的分裂：say是及物動詞，但只可用說出的話作其賓語，即say to sb.sth.；speak是不足物動詞，即speak to sb. about sth.；tell是及物動詞，可接雙賓語，即tell sb.sth.。另外，還要防備時態(tài)對應(yīng)。

12. B。反意疑問句變?yōu)檗D(zhuǎn)折引語時，要釀成whether或if帶領(lǐng)的賓語從句。

13. C。此句所問的話應(yīng)該是遴薦疑問句，變?yōu)檗D(zhuǎn)折引語時，要釀成whether... or not。另外，還要防備時態(tài)對應(yīng)和匯報句語序。

14. D。防備該題時態(tài)的一致。what’s the matter/wrong with句型中，what作東語，the matter/wrong作表語，因此行動賓語從句時如故這么的端正，而非選項B。

15. C。賓語從句用匯報句語序，抹殺A；whether or not中的whether不可用if替換；抹殺B；which帶領(lǐng)賓語從句意為“哪一個”，不相宜題意。

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